REVISION YR11

 The lego movie:

key terms:

• Conglomerate ---> a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises 
• Subsidiary --- > company that is owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company
• horizontal integration -->  an organisation develops by buying up competitors in the same section of the market E.g. when a film company buys out another film company
• vertical integration --> media company owns different businesses in the same chain of production and distribution
• media convergence --> when different media technologies and platforms interlink with each other

The Film industry in the UK is regulated by the British Board of Film Classification

Ownership and control

The Warner Bros. conglomerate produces the lego movie in conjunction with Lin Films.

They also own the video game division (warner bros interactive entertainment ) who produce and release the video games - this is an example of vertical integration.( It gives the existing audience new experiences and further pleasures outside of the film and to reach new audiences e.g. non-cinema going video games players.)

 

The budget for The Lego Movie was an estimated $60,000,000. It made this back in the first weekend in the USA alone. 

Lin went on to produce the following Lego films; The Lego Batman Movie, The Lego Ninjago Movie (both released in 2017)

The Lego Movie 2 was released in 2019

    the poster:

who is the poster intended for and why? -->

I believe the poster is intended for children as the use of vibrant colours and recognisable lego characters make it more appealing and exciting for people of a younger age. Futhermore the message : "assembling" is seen as a good message for children as it means getting together as a team and fighting for justice. This will want to make parents bring their kids to watch it as it promotes a positive message throughout. The film poster is also conveying that it is an animated film which furtherly would engage a younger audience as that is what kids primarily watch. The induividual posters however also can tagert  an older audience as there are well known actors in their and the funny humour that kids wouldnt be able to recognise. Overall though the poster is supposed to attract a large audience of kids as Lego is a very famous kids toy, and most kids would already have lego at home.

Music + TV:

Music magazine key terms:

• Conglomerate --> a multi-industry company - i.e - a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries 
• Globalised --> Globalization means the speed up of movements and exchanges (of human beings, good and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet
• Diversify --> to make or become more diverse/more varied
• Regulation --> the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society,but the term has slightly different meanings according to context
• Revenue --> the income or increase in net assets that an entity has from its normal activities. commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover

Mojo Magazine is published by Bauer media -  The company owns over 600 magazines, including two other Uk music magazines

-The company has diversifies the MOJO brand, offering mojo4music.com online in order to reduce the risk of only operating in one media form

- Bauer media group is a diversified media conglomerate by offering a digital copy and have an app rather than just a physical copy. It makes the stand out as a business

Independent regulator of most of the UKs newspapers and magazines: Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO)

Genres:

•  rock
• hip-hop
• jazz
• pop music
• country
• classical
• heavy metal
• R&B

Technical codes --> all the ways in which equipment is used to tell the story in a media text, EXAMPLE: 'we love pop" using lots of images and layers to create a collage, which is something stereotypically many young females would do

Symbolic codes --> show what is beneath the surface of what we see. 

EXAMPLE: 'we love pop" front cover using pink and light blue, which when used together display a more feminine tone to the cover

:Layout of a typical magazine

Target audience and representations:

identifying an audience:

• Demographics --> factual data e.g. Age, gender martial status, income, race, location
• Psychographics --> lifestyles, attitudes, interests, values and personality

MOJO readers Audiences:

1 - 2 mark state questions:

1. what is meant by public service broadcasting  = in return of an annual payment of a licence fee, the BBC provides viewers with a service of programmes with wide appeal that are guaranteed to conform to its public service remit 
2. how are television stations funded? = commercial channels are funded through advertisements but the BBC is funded through a TV licence fee 
3. Genre hybridity = a genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres
4. The owner of MOJO magazine = Bauer Media
5. The regulator for radio = Ofcom
6. Definition for diversification = the process of a company expanding their market or audience 
7. A mass audience radio station = BBC 1
8. A niche audience radio station = BBC radio 4
9. How is Bauer media diversified = it is a media company that owns many subsidiaries and other companies covering multiple platforms such as music magazines and radio
10. Intertextuality =  happens when conventions of one genre are alluded into another 

Television 

 social and cultural context

1960s

• concerns over the cold war = fears of invasion, nuclear war and espionage from the soviet union were high
• changing attitudes to gender roles. there were opposing beliefs between traditionalists and those fighting for female equality in terms of jobs, education and pay.
• changing attitudes to sexuality
• changing attitudes to age and class. the generation gap between the youth and older generations was seen in fashion, music, art and entertainment. it was seen as 'cool' to be working class
• changing attitudes to ethnicity. Representations of non white ethnicities were rare despite a growing push towards equality

Question 2:

ask you to analyse the extract, either referring to representation or media language

what could they ask you:

• The representation of a certain group of people/person/place = think about the camera work, sound, the themes mentioned
• how a particular mood or atmosphere is created = lighting, mise en scene, camera work
• to focus on a particular part of the extract
• ask you about the point of view shown

In avengers:

• Gender --> mostly stereotypical with male dominance and female submissive and sexualised, however, Ms peel does show a countertype through her leading role, saving steed. This links with ITV and changing of women's rights
• Ethnicity --> All caucasian cast, no feature of any other ethnicity
• Sexuality --> no actual relationships but all deemed to be heterosexual 
• Crime --> throughout there was only one crime committed, this crime was linked to the cold war, was referred to throughout. linking the social norms of the times

How does Emma Peel reflect the influence of social attitudes towards sexualisation on television? 

During the 1960s' there was an increase in the roles that women played in society, due to this we can see that Avengers reflect this through how Emma peel has a lot more screen time than john steed. This gives men and women in the episode more equality. However we also see how Emma peel conforms to the gender stereotypes as she is seen to wear a catsuit in scenes. This rienforces the idea of the 'male gaze' which meant that women would wear more attractive and revealing clothes in order to appeal to men.  Also because of the change in in gender inequalities and increased public role of women, we see at the end of the episode that Miss peel is infact driving the motorbike and not John steed.

Explain how media language (mis-en-scen, camera work, ect) is used to depict The Avengers’ point of view rather than the townspeople’s point of view. 

We are immeditaly on the avengers side as they are the first charcters introduced to us. There is sinister music which plays behind the townspeople when they are on the screen, this makes us dislike them as it creates a sense of evil. we see the main charcters on the screen the most, yet the townspeople are on the screen the less, this may be because they are supposed to be intruders and this helps keeps the mystery about them. Futhermore, the composition of charcters in the pub scene and the deployment of blocking shows the divide between the villagers and newcomers. This is done by having a physical barrier being put between them at the start of the scene. The bar is used a barrier and this is continued on even when there is no physical barrier by the characters positions. This thoroughly exaggerates the contrast between the two groups within this scene and emphasises the dislike we should feel towards the villagers.

Representation of gender:

In season 4, episode one there were only a couple of women showed. This was probably due to the entertainment of the men, either watching or directing the episode who probably wanted to see sexy women on their TV screens. Emma Peel and The headmistress are the only two females in this episode and both of them represent gender however, Emma Peel’s representation is definitely much stronger and clearer. She is shown as a pretty woman that is strong, independant and able to fight her own battles. Peel has many different fashion choices, ranging from a blouse, jacket and skirt ,at the beginning if the episode, to a catsuit and short skirts. There is also a scene where John Steed and Emma Peel are fighting underground against the enemy agents. There is a metal door separating the two fights which could show the divide in representation if gender. This is shown when Peel is mainly fighting the women and Steed is fighting the men agents.

Question 4: explain/describe without using examples from the episode

describe the ways that television programmes are funded:

One of the ways on which Tv programmes are funded is by the public . The BBC is a public service broadcaster which is funded by the TV license which is paid for by every member of the British public who watches live TV at home. This type of funding means that the BBC has a duty to provide a wide range of diverse content that appeals to mass audiences as they must satisfy the public who are paying for it. in fact, the BBC's mission statement is that the must 'inform, educate and entertain'

Another way that TV programmes are funded is through the revenue created from advertising. Networks like ITV are privately owned meaning that they generate revenue through adverts shown during the commercial break. This means that commercial broadcasters like ITV can afford bigger budgets to produce TV programmes with high productions values but it also means that audiences are subjected to advertising much frequently 

Explain how scheduling helps TV channels to target their audiences

One of the ways that TV channels use scheduling to help target a specific audience is through the watershed. This is where around 9pm-5:30am when TV programmes with adult content (16+), which might be unsuitable for children are broadcasted. This allows TV channels to target a wide range of adults who will stay up and watch more mature content without their kids. On the other hand, it also works the other way round, some Tv channels will schedule their programme to be shown before the watershed if they wish to target an audience of children or family. This is because the pre-watershed time is the prime time when kids and adults will be sat down together watching TV.

Music - Radio

Industry:

• Public Service Broadcasting (PSB): is broadcasting made, financed and controlled by the public and for the public

- BBC is a PSB and its aims are to "inform, entertain and educate"

How does the public pay for the BBC? --> The BBC is funded by the TV license and therefore is not owned by a large conglomerate looking for financial gains

How might this affect what is broadcast on the BBC? --> as a PSB they have a duty to target both mass and niche audiences by offering a range of programmes that reflect diversity

social context:

Before radio 1 was broadcast, the BBCs role was to raise the cultural standards of the nation, so resisted playing solely popular music because it was considered to be less important by media producers than music that was aimed at a specialised audience

Radio 1 was launched in 1967 to meet the demand for music generated pirate radio stations, as younger audiences felt they weren’t being catered for.

what the BBC did: 

1. They made sure radio 1 was more appealing to younger audiences which fitted the requirement to cater for all audiences and reflect diversity of the country
2. they deliberately tried not to appeal to older audiences so that the station became more niche
3. they introduced programmes such as the Live Lounge which was more distinct in what audience they wanted to appeal to

The BBC is a diverse corporation with a wide range of products across radio and TV. They do this so that they can appeal to the mass audiences.

Convergence: The BBC makes use of a wide range of platforms so that they can cater to all audience needs

Radio 1 regulator:  OFCOM

Commercial radio: radio stations that are owned by privately owned companies interested in profit

Advantages: 

• attract advertisers interested in a niche market = more revenue
• find new audiences currently not catered for
• freedom & risk taking

BBC radio and audiences:

radio 1 is part of a stable of radio stations that are designed to cover the range of tastes and cater for every audiences:

• Radio 1 : 15-29 year olds with popular music
• radio 1Xtra : fans of black, more diverse music
• radio 2 : mass audience with a mix of speech and music
• radio 3: fans of high culture with classical music,arts,drama
• radio 4 : educated mass audience with a mix of talk radio genres
• radio 5 : news and sports fans
• radio 6: the discerning popular music fan by including rarities and older music

The BBC aims to fulfil its PSB requirements of reflecting diversity and serving all audiences with distinctive programming across this range of stations

Live Lounge target audience: 15- 29 year olds

                                                mixed gender

                                                middle class and working class

How does Live Lounge target them?:

• alternative music but yet still current
• invites popular artists with large fan bases
• current music & artists
• artists like Stormzy appeal to working class audiences
• has an air of being quite edgy and 'cool'
• Language and interaction with artists and audiences is appropriate 
• Available via YouTube which is the most used platforms by younger audiences for music
• Available on a wide range of platforms for a tech savvy audience 
• Interactivity - phone ins, tweets competitions
• 
  

Uses and gratification theory:

Inform

• Radio offers a sense of being in contact with the world
• radio gives information about the world of popular music or of the wider wold through news, current affairs 
• radio 1 live lounge offers further insight into the music abilities of the artists featured

Personal identity

• listening to a particular station may offer audience a sense of identity through the language, jokes, music used that they feel reflect on their own personality 
• The radio 1 live lounge may offer a sense of being an authentic fan of authentic live performance, in opposition to the manufactured nature of recorded music

Entertainment

• Live Lounge offers the predictability of a regular format and presenter with the originality of each performance, with the added unpredictability of live radio
• Live lounge has talk interviews between the performance which is full of fun storys and jokes between the artists 

How does radio 1 meet its remit?: (website)

On the radio one website i can see that they have met their remit to entertain an audience of young listeners. They use a distinctive colour palate of bright and vibrant shades ( yellow, blue, pink) which instantly creates a more youthful aura and seems more interesting for those viewers and therefore they are more likely to engage. The photos of artists they have chosen to display are very well known and relevant  artists at this time and most viewers would probably find an artists they like listening to here. The artists may also not only be performing their own songs but also doing covers of other songs, this gives the fan a different side to the artist and they might find that very entertaining and will visit the website more frequently to see if they do any more. .The different artists they have included match their remit as they come from different genres so they include a range of music, showing Live lounges ability to provide diversity.  Radio 1 include a range within their shows that make it seem exciting and more contemporary for example they include "drag day" on their website where a drag queen took over the radio show for a day. This is an example of how radio 1 come up with ideas that they see their target audience are momentarily interested in and the audiences hobbies and they use it within their show to boost viewing. In their remit they state they provide a platform for live music they meet this by clearly seeing their "live lounge", which provides fans with the sense that they are listening to authentic live music through their tech and festivals they have lined up which they advertise online.

Analysing The Avengers episode

Camerawork  ---> 

shot types, camera movement, camera angles

• long, mid, medium, close up, extreme close up and close up shots

establishing shot : the first shot in a scene that provides an overview of the setting

• low angle, high angle, canted angle or aerial shots
• point of view shots
• camera movement : tracking, steadicam or crane shots
• handheld camera
• focus pull

shallow focus : one plane of the scene is in focus while the rest is out of focus

Analysis : 

1. hand held camera movement --- > tracking the main protagonist during fight scene - this intensifies the movement
2. high angle shot of the hole --- > intensifies the deepness and danger
3. canted angle in fight sequence --- > shows the struggles

in the final fight scene they use canted angles within the camerawork for much of the scene. This is because the main idea for canted angles is show something isn't right in the equilibrium. In this case, they are to highlight the power struggle for the main protagonists throughout the fight scene.

Mise-en-scene ---> 

• high key, low key lighting 
• location/ setting
• costume and make - up
• props
• casting and performance style
• blocking (the composition of elements within the shot)

Analysis : 

1. the villagers were presented in less formal clothing 
2. WW2 memorabilia - to show peggy warren to be linked to the war
3. blocking (physical barriers and character positions)

in the pub scene, they use blocking to show the divide between the villagers and newcomers. This is done by having a physical barrier being put between them at the start of the scene. The bar is used a barrier and this is continued on even when there is no physical barrier by the characters positions. This thoroughly exaggerates the contrast between the two groups within this scene.

Editing

• shot/reverse shot : where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character
• juxtaposition : combining of two or more shots to evoke an idea or state of mind
• non - continuity editing :  shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space. 
• cross cutting : switching back and forth between scenes with the suggesting that they are happening at the same time
• fast paced editing : to increase drama or suspense (or slow motions)
• post-production effects : adds sound (including music, voiceovers, and sound effects) and visual effects
• transitions : wipe, fade, dissolve
• cutting on action: common convention of action scenes 
• match cut : used to link two scenes which will line up with the same act of movement

Analysis : 

In the extract when steed and peel are fencing and peel strikes steed where he is shown to be falling the camera cuts to a closer shot of steed falling onto the chair. The cutting on action can suggest emma peels superiority over steed and how she overpowers him. 

Another editing technique, Shot and reverse shots are used at the beginning of the extract switching between shots and peel and steeds faces as they are engaging in dialogue with each other , to show the familiarity between the two characters and that they have a friendship. it also can tell the audience that these two characters are both equally important.

Attitudes to gender in 2010 (CUFFS)

There were far more advancements in the equality of women in terms of education and job opportunities.

Since the 2000's, TV channels have taken this on board and far more women are seen to be more dominant and taking on leading roles.

However people still argue there is more to be done in terms of the pay gap and sexual harassment.

Explain how social and/or cultural contexts influence messages and values in television programmes:

In 2015, society has become more and more diverse and due to the Equality act of 2015 we now live in a multicultural society that is less tolerant to racism and discrimination. This is clearly evident in the episode of cuffs because the cast is made up of different racial backgrounds. One of the main protagonists, Ryan Draper, is a black person of colour working equally alongside a white man (jake Vickers). As well as this, the narrative tackles racist attacks when three white men enter a shop and inflict hatred and this attack is treated seriously by the police officers in their investigation. This clearly demonstrates that TV programmes reflect their wider contexts as Cuffs as a TV programme is trying to reflect the diverse UK society in which it is broadcasted and the BBC must do this in order to attract mass audiences. AS well as this, the BBC must portray a negative attitude towards racism to uphold its values of informing and educating the public

Since the Women's Liberation Movement of the 1970's, feminism has helped to bring about more equality between the sexes in terms of education, job opportunities and discrimination. In the episode of Cuffs, one of the main characters is DS Jo Moffat, who is one of the higher ranking inspectors. She wears a high powered suit instead of a typical police uniform and she is seen to be in charge of the important investigations in the episode. She is centrally placed on the promotional poster which again connotes her status of power and importance to the narrative. Therefore, it is clear that the wider contexts related to gender have influenced Cuffs. The fact that they have chosen a women to front the marketing campaign demonstrates the show's willingness to embrace equality between the sexes and the message is clear that women are just as competent in job roles that were once dominated by men. This is important as Cuffs are attempting to reflect reality to modern audiences in order to attract mass audiences.

Another context that clearly influences Cuffs is the fact that it reflects society's changing attitudes towards sexuality. In 2015, gay marriage had already been legalised in the UK and the Equality Act of 2010 helped to ensure that LGBTQ+ people have equal rights to heterosexual people. In the episode of Cuffs, the main protagonist is Jake Vickers who we find out very quickly is gay. It is not remarked upon and therefore is not shown to be an issue which reflects society's changing attitudes around accepting the LGBTQ+ community. The representation of Jake is a breakthrough for modern TV channels such as the BBC as it is not often that a gay character is given so much screen time and portrayed in narratives that see gay people as heroic rather than weak, which reflects the underlying mission of the BBC to reflect diversity and once again 'inform and educate' its audiences.

Music videos

Avril Lavigne sk8er Boi:

performance style music video with narrative elements.

represented in the music video are teenage skaters, alternative to the 'popular' kids.

Through the way she is dressed we get the impression of her being part of an alternative group

opening shot:

ground level shot of a urban place 

digetic sound from a city place

spray cans represent, rebels and the type of 'anti-social' behaviour.

appeals to main teenage target audience at the time

messy bedroom 

idea that this is targeted towards teenagers are reinforced through the use of technology as that would be familiar towards teenagers in the early 2000's as they would be very relevant 

The camerawork from the beginning feels hand held and it gives the impressions that its fast paced as they change shots quite a lot. overall this give the audience a feeling as if they are in the room with them. adds to the sense of rebellion as this gives a feeling of addrenaline 

The fast paced montage creates a youthful and exciting sense.

The camera work continues to be faced paced and adds the feeling of addrenaline whilst an actor is spray painting and participating in vandalism and rebellious acts.

people dropping through the manhole covers creates a slight edgy and criminal representation. Matches the theme and narrative Sk8er Boi is trying to portray 

Avril lavgins outfit attire is not objectifying and does not sexualise her. she is going against the traditional stereotype of how women are represented in music videos by wearing skater clothes and punky clothes.Which can represent her as quite quirky and alternative This can show that the music video is non bias towards what gender they are targeting. In other music videos women are very sexualised and therefore can mean the target audience is more males.

The Outfit she is wearing with the tie also reinforces the idea of rule-breaking and rebellion and it is being worn loosely and not in the ideal, proper way. The baggy jean and t-shirt combo also connotes a relaxed feel and also gives the feeling that she doesn't care.

Although throughout the video we do some stereotypes being used through the girl and boy dating, eg, a male skater and female glamours ballet dancer. These stereotypes help make the narrative easy to understand.

Mid-range shot, we are establishing her character and how she is the main character as she is in front of everyone. this shows that she is the leader and the location reinforces the idea that shes part of the rebellious groups. This appeal to people of her and older young adults as there a rebellious part of us and they may wish to be an excapist and aspirational through avrils music video. The setting is very grungy, during this time period grunge was a big influence of teenagers.

The running around in an abandoned school adds to the theme of rebellion and adds to the stereotype of teenagers in the media. As teenagers in society are presented and 'no-goods' and 'rule-breakers', avril is confirming this stereotype.

The two signs signify the absolute rebellion that avril is, she is placed by a fashion district but how she is dressed is very opposite to how the popular 'fshaion' was like, this shows that she breaks down those boundaries and is a rules breaker and doesn't like to be conventional.

The do not block sign also can represent them as carefree and rule breakers and they are clearly in the way of the road but they do not care. This would attract audience who love to feel that adrenaline of doesn't something bad and adds to the excapist feel.

The close ups of the band players addhears to the codes and conventions of the punk rock genre. wheras in the pop genre moist artists cannot play their own instruments. This appeals to audience as it draws them in because they may be looking for skilled artists to follow. 

The close up camera shots give a personal feel, sells the artist to the audience.The mid range shot adds to her presence as the leader of the band. This signifies that she is very powerful and confident.

She also uses a hand signal( 🤟🏽) which has become the symbolic code for rock music and musicians. would be familiar to audiences that are avid rock fans.

Facials are very aggressive and emotional, reinforces the idea that she is rebellious and has lots of anger towards the society.

The low camera angle reinforced her dominance and how she is the central figure.

The smashing up of the guitar, comes form the 90s punk rock genre and is almost like she is conforming towards the traditional stereotypes within the rock and roll genre. It also connotes danger and acting out in anger, this reinforced the idea of rebellion once again and makes her look powerful.

Through all the shots they have use lots of real locations, naturalistic costumes and this creates a sense of realism and makes her seem less 'manufactured' compared towards other artists. The idea of rebellion shown throughout the music video also can be symbolic to how she doesn't want to conform to how stereotypical music videos should look like. This gives the impression that she is a 'real' artists and not manufactured like the other ones.

Overall the video really suggests that lavigne is alternative and not mainstream. she is part of an urban punk rock crowd in the video. audiences may identify with feeling like they too are alternative.

The brief suggested romantic narrative reflects a heteronormative attitude towards sexuality. This mainly conforms towards how societies attitude was back then in the 2000's. This shows that despite her efforts in being alternative and different this shows that she still does conform to many other societies 'norms'.

Wheatus Teenage Dirtbag

 NARRATIVE -- reflection on everydays teenagers views on their struggles within school and society

Opening scene show a school and very much just sets the scene and lets the audience engage with the video

The scene is continued to be set through the introduction of the characters and the start of the narrative, the jock, the nerd and the popular girl. The audience is able to identify who is who through mise en scene and their clothing. They conform to the stereotypical outfits and attitudes.

The girls movements identifies her as the 'dream gir' from the nerds point of view. The scene of her flipping her hair slows down a little bit which confirms her as the point of interests. It does not sexualise her but it does romantisized and makes her seem very dreamy. This conforms to the ideas that we see in teen movies of how the nerd always is drawn towards the popular girl.

The Performance part of the video is shown early on and the fact that they are all playing their instruments shows that they are also trying to present themselves and a non-manufactured band and want to seem authentic

The camera work compared to avrils is more steady and less hand held. The still camera add to the sense of how the audience are watching it rather than in sk8er boi you felt like you were there with them. This reinforces the idea of how it is presented as a traditional american movie.

During the chorus their are no longer aline but surrounded by what seems to be all the students. This presents the music video as an anthem and something that we can all just have fun singing. it takes away the feeling of seriousness when they are alone in the gym. 

LO: to explore the use of media language to create meaning in music videos

• do the artists perform? Sk8er Boi : Throughout the music video we see a lot of performance as the camera shots show her facing the camera, performing to the audience. Especially towards the end as she is shown with a whole band

Teenage Dirtbag: A narrative piece, but throughout the chorus they are shown to be performing with a band with a still camera shot

• is the any diegetic sound used? sk8er boi: yes, we can hear the sirens and the noise that the skateboards make, creates a sense of realism and to support the narrative

• does it follow the genre conventions? sk8er boi: The smashing up of the guitar, comes form the 90s punk rock genre and is almost like she is conforming towards the traditional stereotypes within the rock and roll genre

• Does The editing match the pace of the song :

 the editing in sk8er boi matches the quick snappy shots which add to the energy of the song, this can build tension working towards the final, high paced scene. The quick transition from scene to scene, but when it gets to the performance element it is much more static

In teenage dirtbag is filmed in the way to make it feel like it is a film because the song is used on the soundtrack of american pie, the actors in the film appear in this video. This helps replicate the classic american teen film experience.

• Sk8er boi has a desaturated filter whereas in teenage dirtbag it is more saturated

Question: Explain one way in which music videos use media language to differ from each other

in the music videos the use of camerawork is deployed in both to help add characteristics although they differ in the range and type used. In s8er boi there is hand held camerawork which helps adds energy and tension within the piece. In one scene where we see a boy in his bedroom the editing to change from shot to shot is snappy and fast paced, this helps create tension when building up to last scene and gives the audience a feeling of adrenaline. However in contrast, teenage dirtbag uses a more controlled camerawork to present the music video and a more narrative piece.The still camera makes the audience feel as if they are watching a coming-of-age film rather then how in sk8er boi you feel as if you are with them. This helps replicate the style wheatus are trying to convey of how it is a traditional american teen movie.

Representation:

both assume the importance of (heterosexual)love, romance and attraction - both represent failed love

both celebrate youthful values as well as teenage alienation, how teenagers get dragged into trying to fit into one type of group

both represent as predominantly white society

both represent stereotypical settings: high school, big city - easily recognisable by teens

Sk8er boi representation of a powerful women who makes things happens contrasts with the stereotypical representation of women as love objects in teenage dirtbag 

sk8er boi celebrates teenage rebellion and rule-breaking; teenage dirtbag represents a character trying to conform and succeed

status driven and competitive world represented in Teenage dirtbag contrasts with the representation of solidarity of the outside/skater community in sk8er boi

Gender: In the music videos there is a contrast in how females are represented. In sk8er boi, avril lavign is the leader of the group and shows that she is challenging stereotypes of how females are not always the rebellious and dominant person. Whereas in Teenage dirtbag, the female role is portrayed very differently. the female is presented in a very objectifying way as she is shown in a slow mo scene, flicking her hair. This conforms to the stereotype of how females are there for the males gaze and an object.

News:

• The Observer and the Guardian are called the Guardian media group owned by the Scotts Trust
• The owner will be someone rich as newspapers cannot make a profit so it is seen as a means of gaining political and social influence 
• sometimes hire an editor with similar view points

• Freedom of the press --> anyone should be free to set up a newspaper, the newspapers can publish what they want without the interference of the government or authorities
• self-regulating body that most newspapers use today ---> IPSO 
• Guardian : mainstream left (political stance)

• rely on circulation price and ads for income ---> Broadsheets are more attractive to advertisers because of the wealthy upmarket readerships. They have a smaller circulation and higher cover price with larger ads for income

• Convergence ---> websites online with access from many devices, use of notifications and on social media
• why do they still release a print version? --> large audience demographic that do not have access to online sources, can include a vast amount of information on one page, generate a larger income

Audience:

ONLINE guardian/observer reader:

• half male and half female (50-50)
• Relatively young - 1/3 15-34 and 2/3 35+
• upmarket - ACD1 social class
• Mostly using mobile to access content

sold to advertisers as affluent, arts and culture lovers, interested in food and drink and forward looking people keen to try new things.

1 mark questions:

• Who is allowed to set up and run a newspaper in a country with a free press? -> ANYBODY 
• Identify one press regulator in the UK --> IPSO
• online news is regulated, True or False? --> False
• who owns the Guardian media group? --> The Scotts trust
• identify one characteristic of an observer reader --> ACD1 social class
• name one other country that the observer online operates in --> america
• who owns mojo magazine --> bauer media
•  

Question 2 :

explain two ways why print newspapers survive despite the growth of online news?

Print newspapers will always be around as there will continue to be older people who do not have an access to online newspapers and will prefer the familiarity of print newspapers as they find the online newspapers far too confusing. 

another reason is due to how online newspapers rely on the fact that in order access online news you need to have data and wifi. This is a disadvantage as more people will prefer to carry around a print newspaper due to the fact that they can pick it up and read it at any time.

Futhermore, editors can also provide far more information within the first page compared to a homepage on online news. 

Question 3:

How does this front cover represent Two social groups?

In the main image we can see a man of colour is clearly quite angry at a police officer and in the headline for the image it states "anger spreads across US after Floyd murder". This headline is supposed to deliver a viewpoint of the black people in America as discriminated against within the US.  Within the headline is says "murder". This suggests that the observer is portraying the police and murderers and evil.

Secondly in another headline, They are portraying the conservative party as losing their power and influence within society. Futhermore, the subheadings stating 'failure to quit could put lives at risk" we can infer from this that the writer is stating that the conservatives are not putting the publics wellbeing above theirs when that is what their whole job is about.