Music Industruy

 wednesday 6th January 

Music magazines

Lo: to explore the magazine industry ownership, regulations and revenue 

1. conglomerate

A conglomerate is a multi-industry company – i.e., a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.

2. Globalised

Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet.

3. Diversify

make or become more diverse or varied.

4. regulation

Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context.

5. Revenue 

 revenue is the income or increase in net assets that an entity has from its normal activities. Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover.

Who publishes...?

1. whats on TV?--  TI media

2. Radio time? -- The BBC

3. TV choice? -- Bauer media group

4. Take a break? -- Bauer media group

5. good housekeeping? -- hearst communications 

6. Glamour? -- condè nast

7. Inside soap? -- hearst communications 

Bauer Media 

-MOJO is published by Bauer Media.

-This company owns over 600 magazines, including two other UK music magazines 

- The company has diversified the MOJO brand, offering mojo4music.com online in order to reduce the risk of only operating in one media form

-Made a Mojo Radio that was ceased in 2008 (8 years long) - was transmitted on digital television. 

Bauer Media Group is a diversified media conglomerate because by offering mojo4music.com online in order to reduce the risk of operating in only 1 media from, and will make sure it won't die out and be forgotten.it has diversified MOJO Magazine by offering a digital copy and have an app rather than just a physical copy. 

Regulation

Independent Press Standards Organisation

the independent regulator of most of the UK’s newspapers and magazines.

MOJO has chosen to join IPSO, as have the other Bauer publications

Wednesday 20th January 

Music Genres

Lo: to identify and explain different music geners

music genres: 

• rock
• hip - hop
• jazz
• pop music
• country
• Classical 
• heavy metal
• R&B

Rock - usually wear leather and black clothes, they sing about love and rebellion 

pop -  pop stars usually wear very colourful outfits of any kind, they sing about often love and romantic relationships

classical - they usually wear very strict uniforms of a suit and black and white formal clothes, they sing about love and war

Terminology

Typography : is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed

Layout : the way in which the parts of something are arranged or laid out.

Lexis : 

the level of language consisting of vocabulary, as opposed to grammar or syntax.

Colour palette: is A palette of different colours of paint, especially as used by an artist

Mise-en-scene : the arrangement of the scenery, props, etc. on the stage of a theatrical production or on the set of a film.

catch up work

Wednesday 3rd February 

genre and target audience

Identifying an audience for a music magazine:

• demographics look at the factual data like age, gender ,martial status and income
• psychographics look at the lifestyles, behaviours and attitudes 

the genre would be rock 

the magazine has darker colours with some writing and bold colours in red.

not very bright but still stands out with big font use.

targeted towards males ages 16-30

males would be drawn towards it more as stereotypically they listen to more rock and the male image on the front

Genre would be classical as she is holding a violin 

Targeted towards older people aged 20+

The magazine mostly used darker more toned down colours which doesnt grab alot of attention. The font used is very small and doesnt stand out.

genre would be pop music 

They used a bright red to give it a pop of colour but other then that there isnt too many bright colours to help it stand out. 

i think this would be aimed at ages 15-25 and mostly females and they used both males on the front cover.

Mojo research

Genre : can be a mixture but is mostly pop

Circulation figures: 55,913

publisher:  initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer

target audience: it has a very specific audience,  their demographics are 68% male and an average age of about 40

artists featured: the rolling stones, bob dylan, david bowie, the cure

price (print): £1.80

monday 22nd march 2021

magazine deconstruction

Lo: to analyse media texts using key concepts and appropriate terminology

First impressions

target audience: male, late 20s to 50s 

genre: rock

genre conventions: red, black, white all match to the conventions that rock magazines use. bold fonts and block capitals are also used and seen here.

media lanuage: 

"wicked wicked ways" use of alliteration attracts attention of reader and sounds mysterious, the words 'wicked' are in red, connotations for red are the devil, danger

 the use of along shot to present her dominace to the animals, this will interest the target audience they are aiming for.

The font used is sans sherif, the clean lines and sharp edges are able to render out more clearly on screen which increases the audiences legibility and sharper to read.

representation: the artists near the top right corner are represented as "im a tiger' this suggest they are feirce. 

lily allen is represented as seductive, feminine, sexy and coy these all have nothing to do with her music compared to the male artists near the top.

- audience identifies the large red q so it appeals to the audience more 

- the red colour might mean simplicity and the red might condone danger

- the sans sherif font

wednesday 24th march 2021

music magazines & audiences

Lo: to identify and analyse a target audience using demographics and psychographics 

• age range
• gender
• class
• religion
• sexuality
• interests
• personal values 
• income
• race/ethnicity
• location 

identifying the audience: media produces identify their intended (target) audience during the planning stage for a media text because it effects the shape of the text so much.

demographics look at the factual data like age, gender marital status & income. Whereas psychographics which look at the lifestyle of one person and the behaviours and attitudes.

social grade categories

would this magazine be aimed at a ABC1 group or C2DE group? How would you know?

This would be aimed out the ABC1 group as the way the magazine is presented would appeal to those of the demographics which have a greater education within their early life. For example the side quotes hold quite ambitious and high level words this includes the main title "psychologies" this is already quite a high level word and its the first thing that the reader would read. one of the quotes that include 'work habits' would resonate with the upper groups compared the to lower groups as stereotypically they do have a higher level jobs and would be more demanding therefore that title would typically stand out to them. 

demographics:

gender --> female 

age range --> early 20s - late 40s

race --> white

geographical location --> london

marital status --> divorced

class --> ABC1

education --> high level

psychographics: 

reformers --> seek enlightenment

self actualisers--> focused of people and relationships

utopians --> people who want to make the world a better place 

psychographic profiles

 

Mojo target audience:

• people who love rock music
• 35 and over age range (35-60)
• majority aimed at male 
• focuses on more older bands/artists
• equal share of middle class and working class readers

mmonday 29th march 2021

 5    describe the typical mojo reader: 

    how do they access music?: through spotify, amazon music, youtube

   hobbies & interests: listening to his favourite bands in the car or at home on his CD player, heavy gig-goerer

    type of job and family life: good family life, baulking at his daughters love of manufactured pop and enthusiastically sharong his sons interests with bands such as artic monkeys. he is a professional with a high disposable income.

   personality: worldy-wise, well read man. passionate and discerning induvidual

   

   Magazine ownership and regulation

   Lo: research ownership, regulation institutions involved in music magazines

   Bauer media magazines: country walking, for gardeners

   condé Nast: vogue, GQ

   immediate media: BBC good food, BBC Countryfile

   Hearst media: cosmopolitan, ELLE

•      mojo is a popular music magazine published by Bauer media

There are four ways that magazines make money: 

1. sales + subscriptions (circulation)- they make more money off subscriptions by cutting out the part of going to the shops, direct to the consumer 

2. advertising - revenue increase, way of making the most money

3. sponsored content and product placement - advertised by being placed in a media product in exchange for money

4. events 

funding and profit:

1. how much is a mojo magazine? £3.99

2. can you get a subscription? how much are they? yes and they start at £4.40

3. what kind of products/companies would you expect for mojo to advertise?

4. has mojo run any events?

monday 19th april                                        exam prep

Lo: to explore the possible exam tasks for music magazines

stereotypes:

 its stereotypes are usually the front covers would be male

softer colour palette majority of artists mentioned are male

   

    

madonna is represented as rebellious by using her facial expressions. showing her as anti religious and the fonts used present a punk tone. This matches the tone for a punk/rock genre artist however this is very un-stereotypical for madonna as she comes from a pop genre.

    colour  palatte is softer/muted

   target audience would be much older so this can explain the use of a more conservative pose and how sarah chang is presented in a more feminine tone.
 i think the difference is mainly becasue of the mixture between the target audience and the magazine company.

         

       wednesday 21st April

                                                                 music videos

   Lo: to choose case studies and research initial differences

      music video research:

    Using case study 1

    Avril Lavign music video: 

   1. Sk8er Boi

   2. pop/ pop-punk genre

   3. 14th december 2002

   4. lyrically tells a story told from the singer's viewpoint about her rocker boyfriend and a girl he knew in high school who rejected him because he was a skateboarder and she was a snob.

   5. the singer and a band with a large crowd of people sorrounding them

   6. normally avril is represented:

in this billboard cover she is being presented in a more pop light although the word "rock" is in the main title meaning they want it to be seen and defines that part of her genre as well. The colours they used, pink , display her in a more femanine tone escpecially with it used in her hair.

 However in this rolling stone cover the colours are way more harsh, red, black, and really shows her rock side. the long shot creates focus towards her body and how she is being presented.

   wheatus- teenage dirtbag 

   1. teenage dirtbag

   2. genre is rock

   3. july 2000

   4. is about a childhood experience that guitarist and vocalist Brendan B.

   5. a nerdy character and Mena Suvari is the love interest who unexpectedly invites the protagonist to an Iron Maiden concert, and in the end scene they dance together on prom night.

In some cases, the beginning and the end of the video were deleted: The full version of the video begins with Jason falling asleep while doing his homework and ends with a large glitter ball falling from the ceiling and striking him on the head. He then wakes up, revealing his brief romance with Suvari to have been all a dream.

6.the band and main singer is featured with the side actors and other extras

7.the group is represented as:

performace : A performance is an act of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment.

narrative: Narrative, account, recital, history are terms for a story of an event or events.

concept: defined as abstract ideas or general notions that occur in the mind, in speech, or in thought

Wednesday 6th May 2021

media language in music videos 

Lo: to explore & analyse the use of media language in chosen case studies 

performance: feature a solo artist or a band performing to the camera. ... This category includes the recording of live performance, with the aim of demonstrating an artistic talent that is not captured in the recording

narrative: feature a series of shots that are designed to tell a story, similar to a short film.

concept: will include unusual images or narratives to maintain audience engagement. - It is possible that the video will have no connection with the lyrics.

wheatus -  narrative and performance

avril lavigne - performance plus some narrative

• both of these music videos follow the generic conventions

illustration - This describes how a music video contains a narrative that is carried out on screen that describes and illustrates the lyrical content or plot of the song

amplification -  This means when the director/artist takes one theme from the lyrics of a song, or a line, and expands on that theme for the music video.

disjuncture - means an abstract video where the lyrics don't match at all what is happening in the video.

• wheatus is an illustration music video
• avril lavigne is a disjuncture music video

Wednesday 9th june 2021

media languages in music videos

Lo:  to explore and analyse the use of media language in chosen case studies

Analysis Question:

• Do the artists perform, if so to who?-- They both include performance towards the camera
• Is there a sense of realism created through MES and setting, if so how?-- Both W and AL set their videos in everyday locations which imitate the sense of realism and everyday locations most viewers would find conventional
• How does it follow genre conventions?--
• Is any diegetic sound used, how and why?-- They both use silence in their videos (not at different times) but also use sounds of everyday life eg. talking, background noise this is used to create realism of day to day life
• Does the editing match the pace of the song?--Both match the speed of song and are faced paced edited 
• Does it change between the performance and narrative sections?--The pace of the editing in W slows down when it reaches a narrative plot to develop the story futher, In AL the editing pace is kept constant throughout
• Is the camerawork smooth and controlled or handheld and documentary style?-- In W the camerawork is more controlled whereas in AL it is handheld 
• What values does it promote?-- in W is promotes the values of 'fitting in' in modern day society and in AL the values are rebellion
• can you apply propps character types to the narrative?how?-- In W it follows a linear narrative, so does AL and you can apply propps character types as it in W it has the main character and a love interest and that of the setting up of the concert in AL whereas W is more intertextual with its narrative

Wednesday 23rd June 2021

LO: to analyse representation in music videos

• How is love represented? --> love is represented as being fun and romanticised plus it is supporting the stereotypical narrative teenage love story in Wheatus and in AL it is represented as being dramatic and is very anti-love
• which sexuality is represented? --> in both music videos the predominate sexuality is straight
• how are teenagers represented? --> In Wheatus they are represented as having the stereotypical 'groups' eg, the main character is portrayed as a "geek" and to be despised by "non-jocks". this represents teenagers as being quite judgemental. The music video title "teenage dirtbag" represents teenagers in a negative light. In AL the teenagers are represented as rebels and angsty. However compared to Wheatus, AL form more of a community within teenagers and how they have fun.
• How are women represented? --> in AL women are represented as being almost "crazy" when a boy breaks up with them as she tries to rebel. In wheatus the main female character is represented as malicious an acting above everyone else, they make her fit into the societal stereotype.
• how is ethnicity in the US represented? --> In both music videos the predominate ethnicity is white 
• how are the artists represented? -- > AL is represented as challenging the genre at the time, as she is presented as very punk rock and for her pop genre that was very different from how most pop females were being represented. In wheatus they follow the typical representation of most bands.
• what teenage values are celebrated? -- > they both show the importance of teenage relationships and celebrate enthusiasm and freedom; as well as teenage alienation
• what stereotypes are used/subverted? --> in wheatus they delebrietly use stereotypes and then towards the end they subvert them in order to get the meaning of the song across to the audience. In AL they follow stereotypical teenage  rebeliation.

wednesday 7th July

DIRT

question 2: explain in one way which music videos use media language to differ from eachother

lost mark: wrong terminology (said editing but was camerawork)

- videos may use linear narratives telling the story of the song or performance montages to draw attention to the song or the performances 

- videos may use contrasting settings and associated lighting-location or studio or in performance, urban or rural, exotic or everyday . to match the style of music video and the musicians image

• camerawork
• editing
• mise-en-scene
• narrative style

question 3: analyse the representation of musicians in extract 1 

- the selection of a white male musicians as front cover images fits stereotypes of rock musicians

- the anti-stereotypical positive representation of older people as popular musicians, eg. the artist from CSNY on the front cover of the extract gives direct eye contact and dominates the frame 

example answer :

• mojo magazine represents musicians as superior and god-like; they should be respected and almost worshipped. for example, the main cover image of ray davis, his expression is mysterious and solem, also he is looking towards the heavens. We can infer from the fact he is looking towards the sky and heavens as an example of his godly nature.
• Mojo used a colour palate of dark tones throughout the cover; dark greys and blacks add a somber tone and darken the mood. Additionally, the white text and the masthead juxtaposes these colours and not only stand out and pop off the page but create a purity and cleanliness.

question 4: how far is media language used differently in extracts 1 and 2 to reflect genre conventions

similarities: 

- both feature a range of musicians on the front cover, either in cover lines or images

- both use language to try to create an inclusive mode of address addressing an audience of music fans

- both use a range of sans-serif fonts

- both have mastheads at the top of the page & cover lines

differences:

- the difference between the neon pink in we love pop and the use of black in MOJO 

- the difference between the cluttered layout of we love pop with a range of images and little column justification and the more ordered layout in MOJO, dominated by one large central image and justified columns

-the relative demotion of the masthead on we love pop compared to the banner masthead of MOJO 

- the difference between the highly stylised typography in we love pop (eg. the 'dripping 'love sucks') and the more conventional typography in MOJO 

- the difference between the more informal language (slang) use suggesting commonality of experience in we love pop (eg. 'decodes his snapchat', 'crush cringes&dating disasters') and a language use suggesting differences in experience in MOJO (eg. 'society tried to extinguish me')

Monday 13th september 2021

Radio One Live Lounge

Lo:  to explore the industry and audience behind the live lounge

Public service broadcasting:

• no adverbs 
• for the public benefit rather then serving for commercial interests
• have to meet requirements on their tv and radio licenses 

1. BBC Radio includes 10 national radio stations

• Music radio on Radio 1, Radio 1Xtra, Radio 2, 6 Music and Asian Network
• Speech, drama, analysis and the arts on Radio 4
• Classical music and jazz on Radio 3
• News and sport on 5 live and 5 live sports extra
• Local programming from 40 stations in England
• 6 dedicated radio services in the nations (Radio Scotland, Radio nan Gàidheal, Radio Ulster, Radio Foyle, Radio Wales, Radio Cymru)
• Comedy, drama and children's programming on Radio 4 Extra
2. and 3. The BBC also has 39 regional radio stations broadcasting throughout the UK. All these stations operate under the conditions of the Royal Charter and don't carry adverts because they are funded by the licence fee .

4. Amazon Prime Video and Netflix are now established players. They are in more than a third of UK homes

5.

• classic FM -  targets older generations, those interested in classical music
• Talksport -   younger audiences  particualy male and those who like to hear about sports and are interested in a particular sport
• LBC -  professional working people, mid 30s
• KISS - young listners 15-34

Brand identities 

radio 1: audience is clearly addressed by presenters that are close to their age range and are aged towards the upper end of the age range (15-29)

their language of the presenters is restless and energetic, often using more informal, everyday language that may include some slang and intertextual references to pop-culture

Remit

the remit of radio one is to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech. its target audience is 15-29 yr olds and it should also provide some programming for younger teenagers.

it should offer a range of new music, support emerging artists- especially those from the uk - and provide a platform for live music. News, documentaries and advice campaigns should cover areas of relevance to young adults

On the radio one website i can see that they have met their remit to entertain an audience of young listeners. They use a distinctive colour palate of bright and vibrant shades ( yellow, blue, pink) which instantly creates a more youthful aura and seems more engaging for those viewers. The photos of artists they have chosen to display are very well known and relevant  artists at this time for these ages and most viewers would probably find an artists they like listening to here and that is another way they've engaged them.The different artists they have included match their remit as they come from different genres so they include a range of music.  Radio 1 include a range within their shows that make it seem exciting and more contemporary for example they include "drag day" on their website where a drag queen took over the radio show for a day. This is an example of how radio 1 come up with ideas that they see their target audience are momentarily interested in and engage their hobbies and they use it within their show to boost viewing. In their remit they state they provide a platform for live music they meet this by clearly seeing their "live lounge" and festivals they have lined up.

Convergence: refers to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and media forms due to digitzation and computer networking

. an advantage for vevo and bbc  is that they now get a wider audience coming across from the eachother and entering their platforms. an advantage to vevo is that now bbc viewers will be now coming across and broadens vevos targets audiences

Monday 20th September

LO: to explore the format of the show and its appeals

LIVE LOUNGE

clara amfo: has a background as a presenter for Nickelodeon and CBBC. She joined BBC Radio 1 Xtra as a host of the weekend breakfast show and joined the MTV chart show, in 2015 she became the host of the official chart show on BBC Radio 1, she later went on to host the live lounge .

DJ Ace:  ace and vis, After winning a gold sony radio academy award for their lunchtime show on BBC Radio 1xtra in 2004, the two later co-presented BBC Radio 1xtras drivetime show from 4 to 7pm on weekdays, before moving to the 4 to 7pm weekend slot. 

Ace returned to Radio1Xtra in 2014 to cover various weekend programmes, in 2016 ace became the new host of radio 1xtras live lounge- weekdays 10am- 1pm.

what are the audience appeals? why is it different to other radio shows?:

Live lounge appeals for personal identity as it creates a chance to 'be a fan' to a particular artist and interact with them.

The audience is giving a chance to get to know their favourite artist on deeper level and find more out about them.

Radio 1 live lounge appeals to its targets audiences (15-20) using well known presenters such as clara amfo to present episodes, this can appeal to the young audience as well as diversify them.

 Futhermore, Radio 1 Live Lounge is available to listen to online, which means that it can target a wide audience using technology and tap into the younger audience who are more likely to consume radio online than via more traditional methods such as a radio set. 

BBC Radio Live lounge shows a contrast between them and other radio shows as this adds an interactive aspect to their brand and allows them to see more of their particular favourite artist/genre, Whereas, no other radio show has this within their show meaning they are missing out on relative groups that tend to interact with radio shows more online rather than straight from a radio.

monday 27th september

LO: to research the case study and artists involved 

Rag'n'Bone Man

• 36 years old
• background: his early music was mainly drum and bass, hip hop and rap, his first hit single, "human", was released in 2016, and his debut album of the same name was released in 2017
•  from, Uckfield, East Sussex.
• Genres: new blues, R&B, blues, blue rock, soul, hip hop
• awards: nominated for 5 brit awards, has won 3 of them/ won 2 echo awards
• current songs/album : album = life by misadventure / song = all you ever wanted, collaborated with pink = anywhere away from here

How does the live lounge appeal to the target audience and meet the BBC remit?

the live lounge meets its remit through using distinctive strategies in order to appeal to their target audience. Their target audience is stated to be 15-29 year olds.With the intention of appealing to a younger and more diverse age group they use younger presenters such as Clara Amfo , who is 37, to install a youthful aura through informal language when speaking to the artists in the interview stage,when she speaks to Rag'n'Bone man she used slang and phrases "that was a proper snotty nose moment" this would keep the audience engaged and add an energetic sense to the show. Futhermore , the live lounge is accessible online, this means that with less of the younger generations using a traditional radio and rather consume radio via online,by having an online website they still provide a way for them to view their favourite artists and new up-to date artists with a way that is more convenient for them.

Within the episodes, the show allows artists to talk with the presenter before and after each song, this entertains the audience by giving insight into the artists personal life through funny story's and relative topics that would interest the viewer based on their generation and engaging them for longer, For example in the episode, Rag'n'Bone man mentions a funny story about him breaking an egg to annoy another guy. The show also informs the viewers on other artists the performer likes and their musical taste,this is shown when Rag'n'Bone man covers a songs by the Girffs who's music he likes a lot, by doing this the audience can broaden their musical likes and explore new music within the same genre .

In the remit, it states they should offer a range of new music and support emerging artists, especially those from the uk. In the episode of my case study (Rag'n'Bone man) the song he covers is one foot in front of another by The Griff's, they are an upcoming british pop artist,which meets the remit.Additionally Rag'n'Bone man is also from the uk and since he's only on his second album you could classify him as upcoming, this shows they pride themselves in allowing British artists the chance to widen their audiences and grow their platform.

Monday 4th october

Lo: to understand exam style questions and practise exam techniques

Exam

• the music section of paper 2 has 5 questions (questions 1,2&3 could be on radio)
• question 1 is a one mark question and is based on terminology or industry and on any 3 areas
• question 2 is a knowledge and understanding questions worth 4 marks. will be expected to back up your answers with evidence from the case study
• questions 3 is also a knowledge and understanding questions worth 10 marks. you will be expected to back up your answers with evidence from the case study.

practise Q3:

producers of radio programmes target different audience in order to create a wider age range, in doing this they can explore more genres. For example, radio 1 live lounge have a target audience of 15-29 yr olds, they match this audience by using younger presenters .e.g. clara amfo, who is 37, to convey a more youthful and energetic aura around the show. when presenting, Clara tends to use a varity of informal language and phrases. From the case study, when she is talking with Rag'n'Bone man she's used slang " that was a proper snotty nose moment" this would keep the audience engaged and relate to the show.

BBC radio stations dont have to attract advertisers, but they do have to fufil the BBC's public service broadcasting requirements. A way the meet these requirements is that in the remit its states they should offer a range of new music and up coming artisits. The live lounge constantly play and welcome in new artists who perform and also cover new, up coming music from other artists. In the case study, Rag'n'Bone man covered a song by the griffs who are lnown to be a new and up coming british pop artist.